With the constant development of social economy and the continuous increase of population,China’s agriculture is facing numerous serious challenges.To meet these challenges,scientists in China have proposed to launch a second Green Revolution,the spirit of which is “less input,more output and protecting environment.” The transgenic technology rising in recent years played an important role in ushering in the second Green Revolution.Currently,great achievements have been made home and aboard,and there are also rapid progresses in transgenic crop researches in China.The extensive commercial cultivation of transgenic crops since 1996 has brought about great economic and environmental benefits.Transgenic pest-resistant cotton has been planted on a large scale in China,and the planting area of which reached 3800 thousand hectares in 2008,which is about 66% of the total planting area of cotton.Meanwhile,devoting more effort to cultivating transgenic crops will play a great sustaining role in boosting agricultural production,increasing farmers’ incomes and the sustainable development of agriculture.In addition to this,strict regulations and rules on the safety management of transgenic creatures should be made to avoid the potential risks and ensure the full play of the advantages of transgenic crops.