Farmers’ varieties with collective，territorial and inherited attributes are cultivated by farmers through collective innovation in certain areas for a long time and are proved to be of special quality. The value of farmers’ varieties is the genetic information they contain which can be properly protected by intellectual property systems that takes information as the object of protection，but the application should be different from intellectual property systems protecting private innovation. The acquisition of farmers’ varieties should meet comparatively low requirement of identifiability and be subject to registration procedures. The protection modes of farmers’ varieties mainly consist of active protection in the form of sui generis right and defensive protection. Under protection of sui generis right，subject of farmers’ varieties right is divided into two levels，i.e. static right of farmers’ varieties attributed to the state，and dynamic right of farmers’ varieties exercised by the farmer collective of specific community. Farmers’ varieties right with collective attribute shall not be transferable. But obligee could enjoy the rights of informed consent and benefit sharing based on permission. Some restrictive systems of rational use，compulsory license and duration of protection should be set up at the same time，in order to achieve the balance of interests，and promote innovations in the field of plant breeding.