Taking the balance panel data of 43 rural commercial banks in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2018 as the research sample,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of construction land indicator at county level on the operating performance of rural commercial banks,and discusses the mechanism.The results show that the indicators of county construction land have a significant positive impact on the business performance of rural commercial banks.The more the indicators of county construction land,the better the business performance of rural commercial banks.Different types of construction land indicators have heterogeneous effects on the operating performance of rural commercial banks.Specifically,housing land indicators and industrial and mining warehousing land indicators have a significant positive impact on the operating performance of rural commercial banks,while transportation land indicators have less significant impact.Further research shows that the construction land indicator at the county level improves the operation performance of rural and commercial banks by promoting the development of the secondary industry,and the secondary industry plays a complete intermediary role.The conclusion of this study is not only helpful to understand the impact of land policy tools of macrocontrol on financial institutions,but also can provide reference for local governments to optimize industrial structure by allocating construction land indicators differently from the supply side.