Organizing farmers to take the path of common prosperity has been a consistent central theme in the practice of mutual aid and cooperation since the founding of New China.The practice form of mutual assistance and cooperation among farmers follows the evolutionary track of institutionalized construction,idealization,return to rationality and constant improvement and the evolution logic of “goal orientationgovernmentledselfadjustment”.It has experienced a change from“dual movementdriven” trend to “integration of politics and society” before reform and opening up and the transformation from coexistence of tradition and modernity to integration between the two after the reform and opening up.It also shows a gradual transition from a nongovernmental sector based on social exchange to a market sector and public domain based on the superposition of economic exchange and social exchange.Entering the new era,the reconstruction of a new type of mutual assistance and cooperation among farmers guided by the new concepts of cogovernance,shared responsibility,and mutual prosperity can simultaneously demonstrate the dual advantages of characteristics with China’s background and the socialist system.