In the background of rapid changes in urban and rural society,returned migrants who were absentees from the rural society in the Midwest China may face the problem of cultural readjustment after their return.Regarding re-acculturation of returned migrants as an active agency in specific cultural context,the paper constructs an analytical chain on adaptive behavior of returned migrants,which is “context-motivation-resource” chain.Based on social survey in 4 provinces in China,including Hubei,Hunan,Guizhou and Sichuan,the paper conducts descriptive analysis on the cultural adaptation characteristics of returned migrants.Meanwhile,the paper takes explanatory analysis on the impact of re-acculturation context,re-acculturation motivation and reacculturation resources on the cultural adaptation of returned migrants.The main results of the research are as follows.The overall level of re-acculturation of returned migrants is between relatively adaptable and very adaptable.The adaptation level of behavior culture is higher than the adaptation level of concept culture,which is higher than the adaptation level of system culture,which is higher than the adaptation level of substance culture.The results indicate that,as a positive agency,the re-acculturation of returned migrants are affected by the re-acculturation context,re-acculturation motivation and resources simultaneously.Cultural distance,especially the difference of returning places is a significant contextual factor that lead to the re-acculturation plight of returned migrants.Local region identification is a key motivation factor to promote returned migrants’re-acculturation.Local social capital,especially the network size and the relationship harmony condition are important resource factors to improve the reacculturation of returned migrants.