Increasing grain production and increasing income are two important goals of the policy of major grain producing areas. Previous studies focused on the contribution of the policy of major grain producing areas to increasing grain production. However,whether to achieve an increase in income while achieving an increase in grain production has not been given sufficient attention. Therefore,the article regards the establishment of 13 major grain producing areas in 2004 as a quasinatural experiment. Based on the panel data of 31 China’s provinces obtained from 1997 to 2018,this paper systematically investigates the effects of the policies applied in major grain producing areas on farmers’ income by differenceindifference method. The conclusions are as follows. The policy of the major grain producing areas has a significant positive effect on farmers’ household income,but has a significant negative effect on their wage income. Specifically,compared with nonmajor grain producing areas,the policy of the main grain production areas resulted in a relative increase of 455.852 yuan in farmers’ household income and a relative decrease of 532.567 yuan in wage income in the 13 major grainproducing provinces. The increasing effect of farmers’ household income is mainly due to the expansion of the grain planting scale to achieve the policy goals. On the whole,the policy of major grain producing areas change the allocation of resources between farming and working to achieve a dynamic balance of farmers’ disposable income. Therefore,this article believes that while continuing to promote policies to underpin agricultural production in the main grainproducing regions,policies to support diversified employment of rural labourers should be further strengthened to broaden the channels for farmers to increase their incomes,and a combination of policies to consolidate “increased production and income” should be put in place to achieve a steady increase in the disposable income of farmers.