After a victory in poverty alleviation is secured，the Communist Party of China （CPC） is pushing forward the rural vitalization in an all-round way as a historic shift of the focus in its work concerning agriculture，rural areas and farmers.The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China （CPC） stresses the need for consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation，and enhancing the self-development capacity of areas and population lifted out of poverty.However，the foundation for development in a number of counties that won the battle against poverty is still weak，and so is the endogenous initiative of those who have shaken of poverty.These represent a significant challenge in consolidating and extending the achievements to prevent a large-scale relapse into poverty.Therefore，combining efforts to consolidate the results of the battle against poverty with rural revitalization is a major task essential to the overall situation that deserves the high and prompt attention of the whole Party in a timely fashion.In this regard，this paper firstly analyzes the basic situation and major challenges faced by the task of consolidating and expanding the fruits of poverty alleviation.Secondly，it proposes the fundamental design，strategic emphases and critical paths so as to fulfill the task successfully.All these efforts will help once-poverty-stricken areas and populations enhance their capacity for sustaining self-development.With a long-term mechanism in place and a solid groundwork of comprehensive supporting measures，we hope to see further progress in promoting regional development，improving working and living conditions in rural areas，and rural revitalization across the board.