The policy innovation of county grid management in the central and western regions is closely related to the institutional environment. On the one hand， the dilemma of affairs governance in the transformation of rural society requires active response and solution from county-level organizations. On the other hand， the county-level cooperative governance mechanism faces practical difficulties， and it is necessary to improve governance capabilities through policy innovation. The introduction of grid management tools by county-level governments in the central and western regions is to make use of grid technology and grid personnel to continuously improve the department’s response ability and the routine level of campaign-style governance. However，the attributes of grassroots affairs and the disadvantages of technical governance lead to many restrictions on information generation and inclusion， and the coordination dilemma of politics， administration and autonomy has led to the affairs governance to risk governance. Only by building a collaborative governance structure for coordination of powers and responsibilities in the county， grid management tools can promote good governance at the grassroots level.