Promoting the equalization of rural preschool education service quality is an important aspect of improving rural education public services and continuing efforts in ensuring that ‘every child has access to education’.Drawing on the 2022 special survey on rural preschool education in Sichuan province by the Peking University China Rural Revitalization Strategy Think Tank，the study analyzes the overall quality of rural kindergartens and the level of equalization at the county-town-village level， and combines policy documents and interview data to analyze potential reasons.The research indicates that the construction of equalization in rural kindergarten quality has achieved both results and challenges. The achievements include that the quality compliance rate and equalization level of county， town， and village kindergartens are relatively high in terms of the quality of facilities，safety and hygiene.The challenges include that in terms of teaching staff，internal management，and caring，all three types of kindergartens face challenges such as uneven staffing， qualifications in need of improvement， and incomplete curriculum offerings，with a lower level of equalization in quality， particularly lagging behind in village-level kindergartens.The potential explanations are that multiple channels of investment and supervision ensure the relatively balanced hardware quality，while ‘lack of positions and prospects’ leads to teachers in village kindergartens lagging behind in qualification，management and caring quality compared to county and town kindergartens. Therefore，it is proposed to leverage the role of county governments in coordinating efforts and improve the county-town-village preschool education network；optimize investment structure in rural preschool education and enhance supervision；strengthen point-to-point assistance and innovate the management mechanisms；improve teacher conditions with a focus in village kindergartens and enhance teacher qualifications；adopt both external recruitment and internal training to enhance the quality of care and education.