农村学前教育服务质量现状、成因及对策以四川省为例
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作者单位:

1.北京大学 现代农学院/中国农业政策研究中心,北京 100871;2.四川农业大学 管理学院/四川省农村发展研究中心,四川 成都 611130

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中图分类号:

F327;G617

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目“农村教育管理与政策”(71925009);国家自然科学基金应急管理项目(72141014); 国家自然科学基金国际合作重点项目“中国和发展中国家农村儿童营养改善方式及影响和机理的比较研究”(71861147003)。*为通讯作者。


Current Status, Causes, and Countermeasures of Rural Preschool Education Service QualityA Case Study in Sichuan Province
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    摘要:

    促进农村学前教育服务质量均等化是完善农村教育公共服务、在“幼有所育”上持续发力的重要内容。基于2022年北京大学中国乡村振兴战略智库四川农村学前教育专题调查,分析农村幼儿园整体质量和县-乡-村均等化水平,并结合政策文件和访谈资料分析潜在的原因。研究表明,农村幼儿园质量均等化建设成效与问题并存。成效包括:在硬件设施和安全卫生方面,县、乡、村幼儿园质量达标率和质量均等化程度较高;问题包括:在教职工队伍、内部管理和保育教育方面,三类幼儿园均面临教职工配备不齐、资质有待提升和课程开设不齐全等挑战,且质量均等化程度较低,其中村级园质量尤为滞后。原因在于,“多管齐下”的经费投入和监管体制保障了较均衡的硬件质量,但“缺编制待遇、缺发展前景”导致村级园教师资质、管理和保教水平落后于县、乡幼儿园。由此提出:发挥县级政府统筹作用,完善县乡村学前教育网络;优化投资结构并完善监管;加强点对点帮扶,创新管理机制;以村级园为重点改善幼儿教师待遇,提升教师资质;外引和内培并举,提升保教质量。

    Abstract:

    Promoting the equalization of rural preschool education service quality is an important aspect of improving rural education public services and continuing efforts in ensuring that ‘every child has access to education’.Drawing on the 2022 special survey on rural preschool education in Sichuan province by the Peking University China Rural Revitalization Strategy Think Tank,the study analyzes the overall quality of rural kindergartens and the level of equalization at the county-town-village level, and combines policy documents and interview data to analyze potential reasons.The research indicates that the construction of equalization in rural kindergarten quality has achieved both results and challenges. The achievements include that the quality compliance rate and equalization level of county, town, and village kindergartens are relatively high in terms of the quality of facilities,safety and hygiene.The challenges include that in terms of teaching staff,internal management,and caring,all three types of kindergartens face challenges such as uneven staffing, qualifications in need of improvement, and incomplete curriculum offerings,with a lower level of equalization in quality, particularly lagging behind in village-level kindergartens.The potential explanations are that multiple channels of investment and supervision ensure the relatively balanced hardware quality,while ‘lack of positions and prospects’ leads to teachers in village kindergartens lagging behind in qualification,management and caring quality compared to county and town kindergartens. Therefore,it is proposed to leverage the role of county governments in coordinating efforts and improve the county-town-village preschool education network;optimize investment structure in rural preschool education and enhance supervision;strengthen point-to-point assistance and innovate the management mechanisms;improve teacher conditions with a focus in village kindergartens and enhance teacher qualifications;adopt both external recruitment and internal training to enhance the quality of care and education.

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唐雅琳,王天仪,徐定德.农村学前教育服务质量现状、成因及对策以四川省为例[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2024(4):166-177

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-07-04
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