Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1997 to 2016,this paper comprehensively measured the green total factor productivity of agriculture,and used the spatial Durbin model to examine the direct effects and indirect spillovers of agricultural industrial structure on agricultural green total factor productivity. It found that China’s agricultural green total factor productivity has increased continuously from 1998 to 2016,mainly driven by technological progress. To be specific,the overall level of agricultural green productivity in the eastern and central provinces is the highest,closely followed by the northeast and then the west. And the agricultural green total factor productivity between provinces has a relatively obvious spatial dependence. The agricultural industrial structure is an important factor affecting the increase of the agricultural green total factor productivity,which is affected directly by the optimization and upgrading of the local agricultural industrial structure and indirectly by the upgrading of structure of the agricultural industry in the neighboring regions. Therefore,the rational optimization and orderly upgrading of agricultural industrial structure in the growth of agricultural green productivity should be highlighted so as to improve the overall quality of agriculture.