板栗采后优势致腐真菌的分离、鉴定及植物精油对其控制效果
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Isolation and identification of predominant pathogenic fungi in postharvest chestnut and control effects of plant essential oils on them
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    摘要:

    为明确板栗采后优势致腐真菌种类及植物精油对其控制效果,采用组织分离法对引起板栗采后腐败的病原真菌进行分离纯化,通过显微观察和双基因系统发育分析对优势致腐菌作进一步的形态学和分子生物学鉴定,并在此基础上分析紫苏醛、肉桂醛、柠檬醛、叶醛、丁香酚、芳樟醇、橙花醇、麝香草酚、香芹酚、香茅醇植等10种植物精油单组分对板栗采后优势病原真菌的控制效果。结果显示,板栗采后优势致腐菌包括镰孢属、新壳梭孢属、地霉属和毛霉属在内的多种真菌,其中菌株BL-8和BL-18经双基因系统发育分析鉴定为亚洲镰孢菌(Fusarium asiaticum)和小新壳梭孢菌(Neofusicoccum parvum)。10种植物精油单组分对板栗采后优势致腐菌菌株BL-8和BL-18均有一定程度的抑制作用,其中,香芹酚对板栗采后优势病原真菌的抑制作用最为显著,对菌株BL-8和菌株BL-18的EC90值分别为24.431和11.768 μL/L。体外病原菌生长抑制试验和自然贮藏试验结果发现,香芹酚显著抑制了2种优势致腐菌的生长,香芹酚熏蒸处理有效控制了由菌株BL-8和BL-18侵染所引起的板栗采后病害的发生。因此,香芹酚作为熏蒸剂,在板栗采后真菌病害的控制方面具有潜在的应用价值。

    Abstract:

    The pathogenic fungi causing the rot disease of postharvest chestnut were isolated and purified by tissue separation method to clarify the predominant pathogenic fungi of postharvest chestnut and the control effect of plant essential oil on them.Further morphological and molecular biological identification of the predominant pathogenic fungi was carried out by microscopic observation and double-gene phylogenetic analysis.On this basis, the control effect of a single component of 10 plant essential oils including perillaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, citral, folic aldehyde, eugenol, linalool, nerol, thymol, carvacrol, and citronellol on the predominant pathogenic fungi in chestnut postharvest was analyzed.The results showed that the predominant rot-causing fungi of postharvest chestnut included Fusarium sp., Neofusicoccum sp., Geotrichum sp. and Mucor sp., among which strains BL-8 and BL-18 were identified as Fusarium asiaticum and Neofusicoccum parvum by double-gene phylogenetic analysis.The single component of 10 plant essential oils had a certain degree of inhibitory effect on the predominant rot-causing fungus strain BL-8 and BL-18 of postharvest chestnut.Among them, carvacrol had the most obvious antifungal activity against the predominant pathogenic fungi of postharvest chestnut, with its EC90 value on the strain BL-8 and BL-18 of 24.431 μL/L and 11.768 μL/L, respectively.It was further found that carvacrol significantly inhibited the growth of the two predominant pathogenic fungi through in vitro pathogen growth inhibition test and natural storage test.Carvacrol fumigation treatment effectively controlled the occurrence of disease in postharvest chestnut caused by the infection of strain BL-8 and BL-18.Therefore, carvacrol as a fumigant has potential application value in controlling fungal diseases of postharvest chestnut.

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张曦晨,李萌,杨书珍,彭丽桃,冯柏如,杨菁菁.板栗采后优势致腐真菌的分离、鉴定及植物精油对其控制效果[J].华中农业大学学报,2022,41(2):151-160

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-04-02
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