This paper analyzes the rural residents’ health status and its determinants in Western and Middle China.It shows that rural residents’ health conditions have been improving,and those in the middle are better than those in the west.Improved education,income and sanitary conditions have positive effect on people's health conditions,while the aged and the female's health conditions are generally worse than the others.It is recommended to strengthen the support on rural cooperative medical scheme in the western and middle rural areas,to give priority to rural education,sanitary as well as environment investment,and to improve the old people and women's health conditions and health consciousness so as to improve health equality.