Factors affecting the fluctuation of international agricultural price is a hot topic in the field of world economics and agricultural economics on which many scholars have done a great deal of researches. Scholars from home and abroad all agree that it is the relationship between supply and demand that determines the agricultural product price. A variety of factors inlfuence the agricultural product prices by affecting both sides of supply and demand. The traditional factors ,belonging to the real economy, still have a significant impact on the international agricultural product prices, while the new emerging factors such as energy prices, speculation and policy interventions are of growing importance.Virtual economy has gradually become a leading factor in affecting the fluctuation of international agricultural product price. The current researches are based on the real economy and the virtual economy respectively. Thus, how to cover the interaction between the two into the research framework could be a future research direction.How to stabilize the prices of agricultural products and ensure domestic food security under the above research framework is an important practical significance in this study.