Abstract:Based on the survey data from 257 farmers in Huishan District of Wuxi City in 2009, this paper studies the farmers' willingness and affecting factors to exchange land contracted management right for social security. The result shows that most farmers support the policy of exchanging land contracted management right for social security and they are also willing to do that. Three factors influence farmers' willingness to exchange land contracted management right for social security, which includes farmers' cognition to land, farmer's non- agricultural employment and farmer's cognition to social security. Therefore, this paper points out that it is feasible to exchange land contracted management right for social security through innovating land compensation method, strengthening the construction of rural labor force market and lowering the threshold so that more and more farmers can be engaged in social security.