Abstract:Collective action theory believes that heterogeneity plays a major role in influencing collective action.Based on the latest research results in public facilities’ or resources’ governance in rural community,this paper analyzes the relationships between heterogeneity and collective actions and focuses on the heterogeneity of four different dimensions such as endowment heterogeneity,exit option,race/caste heterogeneity and sex composition.The result shows that relationship between endowment heterogeneity and collective action probably shows U-shaped characteristics and moderate endowment heterogeneity is most capable of promoting colletive actions; social heterogeneity and exit option have the negative impact on collective action; sex structure in a community also probably influences collective actions,collective actions in the community with more female members have easy trend of success.But if the percentage of female members in the community is extremely higher,it is also harmful to collective actions.