Based on survey data from 399 pig and poultry farmers in Shangdong province,this paper uses threestage least square (3-SLS) technique to analyze the impact of safety risk cognition on illegal use of drugs.The result shows that farmers had a strong perception about occurrence probability and loss intensity of epidemic disease risk.However,the probability and loss intensity of market and system risk are relatively weak.Moreover,the perception of deterrent force formed by risk awareness was weakening in turn.The probability and loss perceptions of epidemic risk,market risk,punishment risk have significant impact on deterrent perceptions,while,loss perceptions are stronger than probability perceptions.Furthermore,farmers’ illegal drug use behavior were strongly influenced by their perceptions of epidemic disease and market risks,while deterrent perception of punishment and systemic risks had weak impact on farmers’ drug use behavior.The study demonstrates that in order to push forward the process of “no anti-breading”,it is essential to attach importance to the basic function of safety risk cognition on behavioral choices.Therefore,government should strengthen the supervision of market and legal environment to reduce epidemic disease risk among animals in allaround way and increase cost risk of unsafe products to enter the market.The government should also strengthen deterrence perception of safety risk for breeders so as to provide technical support and external environmental pressure so that the use of antibiotics can be reduced.