Abstract:The on-going anti-poverty campaign in China is not only an economic exercise of reducing rural poverty,but a serious practice of political agenda under new governance framework in which social equality is one of the core issues. To eliminate rural absolute poverty by the 2020 is the field where the Chinese Communist Party’s exercise of its centralised authority over all aspects at all levels is explored and governmentled social and economic development is consolidated under new political and economic circumstances. Therefore targeted poverty reduction is in effect a practice of the new governance framework of China.