Based on the investigation of Lewis’ convergence conditions,the paper finds that China’s incomplete urbanization has destroyed the population conditions necessary for the improvement of production efficiency in the agricultural sector and led to the solidification of the dual economic structure.The current land system has led to the problem of dual-track urbanization,resulting in an imbalance in the distribution of land value-added income.Driven by the aversion to loss,the process of independent urbanization of the rural population is locked in the state of “flow without moving”.The failure of rural population’s autonomous urbanization has resulted in many forms of non-contractual system.With the joint action of non-cooperative behavior induced by loss aversion,the family-based non-contracting system is disintegrating the collective consistent action criteria,which makes the operation of rural collective ownership system have a nominal orientation,increases the resistance of agricultural land system innovation,and leads production to the trap of traditional agriculture.The article points out that efforts should be made to break the mismatch of land with value added,to promote the autonomous urbanization of rural population,to improve the relevant policies and regulations,change the form of non-contractual system and protect management rights.Rural population should be allowed to exit to meet the requirements for the appropriate scale management of rural land.