The subjective status of the poor is an integral part of Xi Jinping’s important discourse about poverty alleviation. It is fundamental to fight poverty by upholding the subjective status of the poor through the whole process of poverty alleviation work and relying on the poor to win the battle against poverty. Xi Jinping’s discussion on the poor’s subjective role is derived from the creative application and development of Marx and Engels’ anti-poverty theory and materialistic historical view of the people’s subjectivity,the innovative inheritance and development of the people’s subjectivity of generations of CPC central collective leaderships，the continuous exploration and reflection of the practice of anti-poverty at the basic level,as well as the systematic summary and refinement of the experience of targeted poverty alleviation. The core viewpoints of Xi Jinping’s discourse about the subjective status of the poor on poverty alleviation,which include stimulating the subjective awareness of the poor and enhancing their confidence and determination,strengthening the subjective status of the poor and giving play to their active role of poverty alleviation and getting moderately rich,as well as improving the quality of the poor and enhancing their potential to thrive,provide a fundamental principle for the timely and comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty and the overall construction of a moderately prosperous society.