Abstract:Risk is an inherent part of agriculture and thus unifying households’ risk management willingness with their behavior is the crucial way to reduce the negative influence of agriculture risk on agricultural production. Collecting data of large crop-land farmers in Northeast China and Hubei province in 2018,this study analyzes the willingness,behavior and the deviation of farmers’ risk management from the perspective of natural risk and market risk and explores the causes of the deviation. The empirical results show that most farmers have adopted a management strategy for natural risk,but they have lower risk management willingness. In contrast,the farmers’ market risk management behavior is extremely scarce,but they have higher risk management willingness. The results show that the actual behavior control of risk management,the willingness to implement risk management and the external environment of risk management are the main factors causing the paradox between the willingness and behavior of natural risk management of farmers. In addition,the lack of understanding of agricultural insurance and the existing deficiencies of agricultural insurance are also important reasons for the paradox. The farmers’ readiness for implementation of risk management and the external environment are the main factors causing the paradox between farmers’ market risk management willingness and their behavior. Besides,farmers’ lack of access to information,lack of understanding of market risk management tools,and even obvious misunderstanding and distrust are also important reasons. Therefore,in order to unify farmers’ risk management willingness with their behavior,we need to strengthen government publicity and guidance for market risk management,improve the mechanism for popularizing agricultural insurance,expand trials of insurance plus futures.