China is the promoter,contributor and leader of the world’s important agricultural heritage protection,providing the world with China’s wisdom and China’s program. This paper reconstructs the connotation and characteristics of important agricultural heritage from two dimensions of world heritage system and agricultural heritage systemand summarizes China’s main progress in the field of important agricultural heritage protection. The work of excavation and identification of important agricultural heritage has been carried out in an all-round way and the protection and management mechanism has been continuously improved. Multi-disciplinary research has been gradually expanded and deepenedand social influence has been significantly enhanced. Multi-functional values have begun to show and international exchanges and cooperation have become increasingly frequent. This paper analyzes the dilemmas and problems faced by the protection of important agricultural heritage,including the deviation between the understanding of connotation and the concept of protection,the insufficient support of heritage protection policies,the imperfect mechanism of protection and management,the lack of scientific research and management talents,and the need to strengthen international influence and protection. In order to further promote the protection of important agricultural heritage,it is necessary to enhance the comprehension of dynamic protection and scientific utilization,improve the system and mechanism of management and utilization,strengthen policy support,promote scientific research and personnel training,and intensify China’s leading role in this field.