How to promote the connection and cooperation among farmers is a key issue in rural development and governance. Based on the theory of collective action,regarding the cooperation among farmers as a kind of collective action,this paper discusses the specific process of farmers’ self-organization and cooperation through investigating the practice of the construction of beautiful village,and analyzes the mechanism and behavior logic of the cooperation. It is found that the cost-sharing of key groups,the establishment of trust network and the action ethics within the community jointly shape the cooperation farmers’ willingness and cooperation ability and ultimately promote cooperation. Specifically,the return of economic elites solves the problem of resource supply to start cooperation and provides a prerequisite for cooperation; the return of capital and governance of capable people cultivate the trust structure and institutional strength to maintain cooperation,which provides guarantee for and constraint on cooperation; the action ethics and emotional morality of village members shape a unique cost-benefit distribution and provide an important support for cooperation. Therefore,in the process of construction of beautiful villages,attention should also be paid to the construction of internal self-organization forces in order to ensure the sustainable impetus for village development and revitalization.