Farmers’ inadequate response to public policies has seriously weakened the implementation efficiency of Rural Revitalization Strategy in povertyrelieved areas.In this paper,HoltLaury controlled incentive mechanism is employed to simulate farmers’ risk investment behavior,and structural equation model is used to clarify the influence mechanism among livelihood resilience,aspiration level and farmers’ risk investment behavior.Based on the survey data and the risk experimental data of farmers of povertyrelieved areas of Qinba Mountain in 2018,the research results show that:first,the buffer capacity,selforganization and learning ability are important dimensions of farmers’ livelihood resilience; second,the livelihood resilience of farmers is an important basis for the formation of their aspiration level,with buffer ability having the greatest impact; third,the cultivation of farmers’ selforganization and learning ability can effectively promote farmers to participate in secure investment projects,while the cultivation of buffer capacity can effectively promote farmers to participate in opportunitydriven projects.Due to this,the local government should implement the longterm cultivation of farmers’ livelihood resilience,and actively guide farmers to form a reasonable and effective level of aspiration.At the same time,for secure investment projects,we should make full use of the interaction effect in rural society,and help farmers to form clear and correct expected income through the active visits and policy interpretation of grassroots organizations,weakening information inequality; for opportunitydriven projects,we need to attach importance to premanagement,inprocess supervision and post remedy.