This paper uses the survey data of large-scale farmers in the rice industry system in Jiangsu Province， and uses the Heckman sample selection model to analyze the reasons for the impact of pest control on machinery investment and investment level of large-scale farmers from the perspectives of risk perception of operation quality and operation timeliness and conduct a robustness test. On this basis， the impact of investing in machinery self-sufficiency services on the agricultural output of farmers is further analyzed. It is found that large-scale farmers’ willingness to invest in machinery and the level of investment are affected not only by the farmers’ quality risk perception of outsourcing service operations， but also by the farmers’ timeliness risk perception of outsourcing service operations， and the degree of risk aversion of farmers plays a significant regulatory role in the impact of risk perception on investment in pest control machinery. Further research shows that large-scale farmers’ investment in pest control machinery can significantly improve agricultural output.