Eliminating absolute poverty in rural areas does not mean the elimination of income gap，social security gap，and basic public service gap between urban and rural areas.How to improve the rural social policy system in the process of rural revitalization has become a fundamental issue for solidifying the achievement of poverty alleviation，and also a mechanism issue for continuing the rural revitalization.From the perspective of the relationship between poverty governance policies，this paper explores the evolution，development momentum and future directions of rural poverty alleviation policies and rural social policies.On the basis of case analysis，the study concluded that poverty politicization is the core factor，and poverty alleviation as a political task can mobilize various resources including economic policies，social policies，and administrative means to present the paradox coexistence of poverty alleviation policies and social policies.In addition，the development of social policy in the practice of poverty alleviation by party building reflects the dual path of realizing economic development and promoting social fairness and justice.Its essence is the process of transforming the political potential energy of poverty control by the central government into the efficiency of rural social governance.Moreover，this process embodies the ideological，authoritative and interest-integrating dynamics of rural social policy development through the path of value publicity，organization embedding and resource input，and lays a structural foundation for the construction of urban and rural basic public service system.The innovation lies in the fact that it grasps the fundamental issue of consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and promoting rural revitalization，and responds to it from the perspective of social policy.