Based on the background that rural laborers go out to work on a large scale，it is crucial to encourage farmers to participate in rural living environment improvement programs in diverse ways， aiming to optimize the effect of village living environment， and build a beautiful and harmonious countryside that is desirable to live and work in. Based on the microdata of 655 rural households in Hubei Province，this paper examines the influence of labor migration and village identity on farmers’ choices of participating in rural living environment improvement programs by using Multivariate Probit model. The results show that monitoring is the most commonly chosen approach by farmers in participating in rural living environment improvement， followed by providing suggestions， investing， and offering labor. Labor migration drives farmers to participate in programs through investment and providing suggestion while village identity encourages farmers to participate in programs through investment， labor contribution， providing suggestions， and monitoring. Moreover， as the degree of village identity strengthens， the impetus of labor migration towards farmers’ participation through investment and suggestions also increases. The impact of labor migration and village identity on the choices of participation methods in rural living environment improvement differs between new and old generation farmers. Labor migration motivates both new and old generation farmers to participate through investment， with a stronger effect on the younger generation. Village identity drives both new and old generation farmers to participate through investment， providing suggestions， and monitoring， with a greater impact on the younger generation. Therefore， it is recommended to promote the healthy development of labor migration，cultivate and enhance their village identity，and develop differentiated rural habitat improvement promotion measures according to the characteristics of new and old generations of farmers.