Agricultural insurance is a booster for the green development of agriculture in China.Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2005 to 2020，this paper takes the agricultural green total factor productivity as the measure of green development level，and calculates the agricultural green total factor productivity of China by using the super-efficiency SBM model and Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index.The impact of agricultural insurance on agricultural green total factor productivity is analyzed through the two-way fixed effect model.The research shows that agricultural insurance significantly promotes the growth of agricultural green total factor productivity.For every 1% increase in agricultural insurance premium income，agricultural green total factor productivity will increase by 0.024%.Thus，agricultural insurance plays a role in promoting the green development of agriculture in China.Mechanism analysis reveals that optimizing factor allocation is an effective mechanism for agricultural insurance to enhance agricultural green total factor productivity，and agricultural insurance has no significant effect on promoting the expansion of agricultural green production frontier in China.Heterogeneity analysis finds that agricultural insurance plays a stronger role in promoting agricultural green total factor productivity in areas with weak agricultural credit，western regions，non-grain production areas and areas with low land transfer rate，demostrating its green inclusive effect.Further analysis suggests that agricultural insurance can promote the application of green agricultural technologies，such as no-tillage，precision sowing and less sowing，and straw returning to the field.Based on these findings，policy recommendations are proposed to improve the agricultural insurance premium subsidy system，enhance the level of agricultural insurance protection and introduce green insurance products.