Agricultural subsidy policies provide strong support for enhancing grain production capacity，sustainable agricultural development and building a strong agricultural country. At present，China’s green and ecology-oriented agricultural subsidy policy system is characterized by the coexistence of “yield subsidies” and “green subsidies”，and under the constraints of the dual goals of food security and agricultural emission reduction，there is still a lack of a systematic theory to address the coordination of the two goal-oriented subsidy measures and the effectiveness of green subsidy tools. From the perspective of structural allocation of subsidy funds，this paper constructs a producer profit realization model considering consumers’ green preferences in the scenario of the coexistence of two types of subsidies，and theoretically explores the reasonable proportion of green subsidies and their impact on the efficiency of subsidy funds with the dual objectives of increasing agricultural product supply and reducing pollutant emissions. The study also simulates and analyzes the dynamic adjustment paths of green subsidies in response to changes in exogenous parameters such as consumer preferences，greenness of agricultural products，environmental awareness and subsidy scale. It is found that the reasonable proportion of green subsidy funds in agricultural subsidies should range from 30% to 40% if the dual objectives of food production increase and agricultural emission reduction were to be achieved. The results of the dynamic adjustment analysis of exogenous parameters show that this proportion decreases with the increase in consumers’ green preference and the expansion of the subsidy scale，but increases with the upgrading of the greenness of agricultural products and the improvement of consumers’ environmental awareness. In addition，a comparative analysis of the efficiency of green subsidies under different proportion scenarios shows that the efficiency of green subsidies is optimal and relatively stable when the proportion of green subsidies is within the above range. Therefore，the structure of agricultural subsidies should be reasonably configured and dynamically adjusted according to the level of consumers’ green preferences or the degree of greening of agricultural products，so as to give full play to the driving role of subsidy policies in guiding the greening transformation of agriculture.