Based on the calculation of rural carbon emissions in China and its some provincial administrative regions， this paper focuses on the evolution characteristics of regional differences and the equity of carbon emissions. The findings of the are as follows： First，from 2005 to 2021，the total amount of rural carbon emissions in China is generally on the rise with occasional fluctuations，which can be roughly divided into four stages： “luctuating decline - fluctuating rise - continuous decline- continuous rising”. In 2021， rural carbon emissions vary widely among provinces and regions，with Hunan ranking first and Shanghai last，and the top 10 provinces account for 56.35% of the country’s total rural carbon emissions，while the bottom 10 only account for 11.26%. Second，the difference of rural carbon emissions among different regions in China is more affected by the level of economic development than by the size of rural resident population during most years. Specific characteristics are observed in three types of regions： major grain-producing areas， major grain-selling areas， and areas with balanced grain production and grain sales. In terms of overall contribution rate of carbon emission，intra-regional differences play a more important role than inter-regional differences. Third，there are obvious unfair characteristics in rural carbon emissions in various provinces of China. For example， 13 provinces represented by Hainan with relatively more permanent rural residents or agricultural added value，generate less carbon emissions，thus indirectly bearing the pressure of carbon emissions from other regions，while for 17 provinces represented by Qinghai，the situation is just the opposite. Based on the numerical differences in population carrying capacity coefficient and economic contribution coefficient，the 30 provincial administrative regions can be divided into four types： “double high”，“high-low”，“low-high” and “double low”.