制造景观:项目经营下的乡村建设
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华东师范大学 社会发展学院,上海 200241

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C915

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国家社会科学基金项目“乡村振兴中的资本嵌入与社会政策优化研究”(20BSH146)。


Creating Landscape:Rural Construction under Project Management
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    摘要:

    项目下乡中的经营行为引发了景观化建设现象,研究以湖北T村为例,从空间实践、生产机制和治理效应三方面对此展开分析。从景观化的空间实践来看,T村在项目试点中的密集投入和差异化建设,导致景观密集生产和村庄空间分化,并凸显了景观的工具价值。从景观化的生产机制来看,主要源于对项目的经营。在决策层面,省级政府以行政发包配合项目下发,容易导致资源堆砌和重复试点;在下发过程中,县乡政府缺少代理人,强化了项目的集中下发冲动;在执行层面,项目捆绑产生了较强的执行压力,导致目标对照基础上的空间营造。从景观化的治理效应来看,一方面有利于空间更新、基础设施改善和组织权威强化,另一方面又导致景观的后续养护难题、对生活景观的排斥、对村民生计的影响以及村民隔阂等。这种好坏参半的治理效应体现了“项目悬浮”问题,即项目与村民需求脱节。最后,研究还提出了基层社会从“经营项目”向“经营空间”的延伸。

    Abstract:

    The business behavior in the project going to the countryside has led to the phenomenon of landscape construction. Taking T Village in Hubei Province as an example,this study analyzes this phenomenon from three aspects:spatial practice,production mechanism,and governance effect. From the perspective of landscape-oriented spatial practice,T Village’s intensive investment and differentiated construction in project pilot have led to intensive production of landscapes and spatial differentiation of villages,highlighting the instrumental value of landscapes. Meanwhile, landscape production mechanism mainly stems from the operation of the project. At the decision-making level,provincial governments often distribute projects and issue administrative contracts simultaneously which can easily lead to resource accumulation and duplicate pilot projects. During the issuance process,the lack of agents in the county and township governments reinforces the impulse for centralized project issuance. At the execution level,project bundling has generated strong execution pressure,leading to the creation of space based on target comparison. From the perspective of landscape governance effects,on the one hand,it is beneficial to spatial renewal,infrastructure improvement,and organizational authority strengthening while on the other hand,it leads to subsequent maintenance challenges of the landscape,rejection of the living landscape,negative impact on the livelihoods of villagers,and barriers among villagers. This mixed governance effect reflects the problem of“project suspension ”,i.e., a disconnect between the project and the needs of the villagers. Finally,the study also proposes the extension of grassroots society from “business projects ”to“business spaces”.

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刘江,张文明.制造景观:项目经营下的乡村建设[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2024(3):190-201

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-05-16
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