The child-centered social investment strategy has become a new trend in developed countries’ social policies. Based on the hierarchical pattern， Chinese rural traditional child care resources are established on kinship and geographical relationship. This ascribed resources get exhausted because of tremendous siphon effects of urbanization. Therefore， social policies centered on “care system for left-behind children in rural areas” has become the main part of Chinese public policy. However， the existing “narrow”public policy for left-behind children in rural areas in our country still lacks the ethos of “supporting families” and “diverse governance”， and it is difficult to meet the needs of rural left-behind children and their families with the design of “remedying deficiencies post hoc”， which makes it difficult to meet the developmental needs of rural left-behind children and their families， and may increase the risk of intergenerational transmission of poverty by reducing future human capital. To shift from “social assistance” to “social investment”， it is essential to enhance the development capabilities of rural left-behind children and their families fundamentally.On the basis of elimination of institutional roots that lead to parent-child separation， it’s a must to provide inclusive public resources by exploiting policy tools such as economic support and service supply and reconstruct the “multi-center collaborative governance” social policy system to sever the link between inherent vulnerability and “left-behind incidents”.