Farmers’ active participation is crucial for the effective implementation of rural construction actions. Such participation not only requires enhancing farmers’ capacity to engage but also necessitates the optimization of governance structures to safeguard their participatory rights. At present,rural construction actions often fall into the dilemma of lack of subjectivity of farmers’ participation, which is manifested in farmers’passive participation, passive participation and profit-making participation, which violates the original intention of initiative, enthusiasm and public welfare participation.The underlying logic of this participatory deficit is the compression of farmers’ rights：In order to carry out high-standard rural construction， local governments form a profit-seeking community with village elites and industrial and commercial capital through aligned goals，concentrating resources and distributing benefits to reinforce the integration of interests. On this basis， local governments， village elites， and industrialand commercial capital respectively exclude farmers with different goals and insufficient resources by means of administrative constraints， limited mobilization， and opportunity segregation， and finally deprive farmers of the right to participate enthusiastically. To solve the dilemma of the lack of subjectivity of farmers’ participation， it is necessary to appropriately give the grassroots discretion， innovate the use of special funds， and strengthen the sense of responsibility of farmers’ participation to activate the village collective， so as to protect the right of farmers to participate.