Chinese modernization is aimed at achieving common prosperity for all citizens，and the most arduous and heavy task of promoting common prosperity still lies in rural areas.The key to accomplishing this challenging task is to achieve convergence in labor productivity across various agricultural sectors and between agriculture and non-agricultural sectors.China’s unique institutional strengths allow it to proactively plan macro strategic plans for achieving this convergence and continuously push the micro layout towards this convergence，but it is essential to clarify the future equilibrium state beforehand. This paper starts from the characteristics of China and quantitatively assesses the potential flow of land and labor between different agricultural sectors and between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors during the process of Chinese modernization，while also estimating the future equilibrium state of agricultural development.The research results show that to achieve Chinese modernization，it is necessary to promote the synchronous advancement of high-quality urbanization and economic structural transformation，while reasonably guiding capital and technology factors into agriculture to make up for the decline in productivity after the outflow of labor factors.