As China’s agricultural insurance enters a stage of high-quality development， income insurance has gradually become an important risk management tool for grain production， playing a critical role in improving the ability of family farms to cope with risks. Based on the tracking survey data of family farms in Jiangsu Province in 2021 and 2023， this paper constructs a family farm resilience index system using entropy value method， and empirically tests the impact of income insurance on the resilience of grain family farms across different dimensions， and explores the underlying influencing mechanism. The findings are as follows. First， income insurance significantly increases the resilience of grain family farms and contributes to ensuring food security. In particular， it plays a major role in improving the transformational power of family farms， while also having a positive impact on improving the resilience of family farms. Second， income insurance can significantly narrow the gap between expected income and actual income of grain family farms， ensure the stability and growth of operating income of grain family farms， and ultimately strengthens resilience through both risk mitigation and income support mechanisms. Additionally， income insurance can further enhance resilience by improving family farms’ access to credit. Third， the impact of income insurance on farm resilience varies by farm size， with small-scale family farms experiencing the greatest resilience enhancement. Fourth， grain family farms with income insurance do not exhibit significant moral hazard after obtaining income insurance， as full-time engagement in agricultural production under sound operational conditions reduces such risks. Based on these findings， it is recommended to enhance the coverage level of income insurance， strengthen its role in enhancing resilience， design differentiated income insurance products， and support the development of family farms of varying scales.