The construction of new agricultural infrastructure is crucial for fostering new quality productive forces in agriculture and promoting high-quality agricultural development.Based on the panel data from 2159 counties between 2011and 2022，this study constructs an evaluation index system to measure the development level of new agricultural infrastructure from the perspective of “endogenous driving force-exogenous development.”By employing the Dagum Gini coefficient，Moran Index，spatial kernel density analysis，and spatial Durbin model，the study reveals the regional differences，distribution dynamics，and driving mechanisms of new agricultural infrastructure development.The findings are as follows： 1） the development level of new agricultural infrastructure has steadily increased，but still exhibits substantial room for improvement，presenting an overall spatial distribution pattern of “East>Central> West>Northeast”in China；2） overall regional disparities have declined over time，with transvariation density being the primary source of the difference；3） without considering spatial factors，the distribution of development levels shows significant mobility，whereas after accounting for spatial effects，counties with low development levels exhibit stronger positive spatial correlation，while the positive spatial correlation among high-level counties becomes insignificant；and 4） the development level of new agricultural infrastructure is jointly influenced by multiple factors，including economic development，technological innovation，financial development，and environmental quality.