This paper describes the factors affecting the quality of doctoral candidates in agricultural universities,which include the development level of science and technology,the quality of doctoral supervisors and doctoral candidates,management system,the research fund input,the research condition and so on.It analyzes the meanings of improving the qualities of doctoral candidates and then presents some specific countermeasures as follows:strengthening the discipline construction of doctoral education,forming a team of doctoral supervisors of high quality,enhancing the quality of the doctoral candidates,perfecting the management system of doctoral education and improve the research condition for the doctoral students.