Abstract:Based on the interview of 12 rural old people and the framework of field theory, this paper employed the integration of cultural habitus and social field to study the elderly-aged poverty in rural China. The result shows that meager family income, unbalanced expense structure in rural family, imperfect social security system in rural areas are the root factors causing rural elderly-aged poverty and traditional filial morality, the solidifying social customs of raising sons to provide for his old age, relying on old age stemming from the thought of mutual benefit between generations are secondary factors leading to elderly-aged poverty. These two factors, interdependent and interactive, merge the construction of rural elderly-aged poverty into practical life of the elders in rural areas.Therefore, it is necessary to discard the old-aged supporting customs of rural elderly-aged poverty, establish life field to improve rural elderly-aged poverty and intensify the social practice of rural elderly-aged poverty.