Great changes have taken place in rural social structure with the gradual penetration and the adjustment of rural land system since the reform and opening-up for more than 30 years.The multi-center governance structure is gradually becoming the main method in the management of rural social public affairs.As an important subject in the process of rural governance,the rural social organization plays a crucial role in promoting farmers’ collective actions and nurturing grass-roots democracy.Based on a brief review on the historic process of rural governance,this paper makes a case study on a special rural social organization in the northwest region,and mainly explains the social functions that rural social organization plays in the modern rural governance.Cooperation among all kinds of rural social organizations,rural party organizations and villagers is a major way to work out the dilemma in rural social governance at present.