From the connotation and requirement of linking the increase and decrease of construction land in both urban and rural areas, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of present calculation method and its sources of rural residential land reclamation potential and puts forward the potential survey and its calculation method of linking the increase and decrease of construction land in both urban and rural areas. Based on the case study in Suixian county, this paper obtains the theoretical potential of rural residential land consolidation, that is 8 314.66 hm2 by the year of 2020 by index of land area per capita. The project size of linking the increase and decrease of construction land in both urban and rural areas can reach 1 003.58 hm2 and its index attainability is 805.47 hm2 by deducting the settlement land area. The result shows that the potential of rural residential land consolidation calculated by existing method is the maximum potential under ideal conditions, but as for the realistic potential of rural residential land consolidation, it first should make clear the demolition and settlement land area, then through verifying the map spot in the field , the newly added cultivated area of consolidation and reclamation and occupied cultivated area by resettling can be reckoned. Consequently, the potential index of linking the increase and decrease of construction land in both urban and rural areas can be calculated.