Based on door- to- door survey from 9 villages in Guangdong and Hunan provinces,this paper studies the relationship among landless farmers,land reallocation and land transfer under the background of farmer’s long- term land contract right.Through the regression model analysis，this paper finds that in the villages where long- term land contract right is implemented,the longer the time for land to reallocate,the more the number of landless farmers will increase.The desire of farmer’s reallocating land is declining and farmers are unwilling to redistribute land.Landless farmers are not the main influencing factors in farmer’s land readjustment.Landless farmers obtain the land use right not through leasing land from land reallocation market,instead they will leave home to seek jobs elsewhere.In addition,it is common for landless farmers to gain the land contract right through family internal inheritance in the rural areas.This paper concludes that the existance of landless farmer group has not constituted a serious rural problem.At the same time,this paper also points out that land does not adjust any longer because expected return of land adjustment is low,while the cost of organization is high instead of polulation growth.Therefore,unchangeable policy for thirty years will continue from external mandatory institutional arrangements to endogenous institutional arrangement.