Based on literature study,this paper first discusses the connotation and causes of land fragmentation and then points out that most of the research on land fragmentation and land production efficiency mainly draws on two key indicators as quantity of plot and size of land held by famers,which shows a positive impact of plot size on land production efficiency and a negative relation between plot quantity and land production efficiency.However,in terms of the resultant from plot quantity and size to land production efficiency,the traditional opinion of land fragmentation reducing land production efficiency is still debatable.This paper focuses on reviewing the present empirical research achievements at home and abroad and analyzing theory about the issues of land fragmentation and land production efficiency,and finds that land fragmentation produces different effects on land production efficiency in different production conditions.Namely,land fragmentation cannot necessarily reduce land production efficiency.In the process of promoting rural areas to land scale-up production,the governments should strictly examine the land fragmentation and changes of matching production conditions of farmer households in different areas so that reform direction of reliable land system can be achieved.