Hailin and Dongning are the famous black fungus production bases.Based on the case study,this paper makes a comparative analysis on the efficiency of black fungus from two different greenhouse and land cultivation modes.The result shows that firstly,the investment return of greenhouse mode is much higher than that of land cultivation; secondly,the profit of greenhouse cultivation in Hailin is lower than that in Dongning,but its land cultivation profit is higher than that in Dongning; thirdly,there are still many problems in the development of black fungus,such as sharp contradictions between bacteria and forest,shortage of labor and high labor costs,poor infrastructure,imperfect market service system and inefficient management.Consequently,this paper proposes several suggestions on how to promote sustainable and healthy development of black fungus industry.