Studying peasants’ political identification since the founding of People’s Republic of China from the perspective of land rights,we will find peasants’ political identification has experienced four periods,namely the land reform and occurring of peasants’ political identification,collectivization and weakening of peasants’ political identification,household contract management and regeneration of peasants’ political identification,and elements of market economy embedded and weakening of peasants’ political identification.The research will show that peasants’ political identification has its own logic,which lies in that before the reforming policy,the changing of land rights influenced peasants’ political identification through their survival demands,while after the reforming policy,through that the changing of land rights can influence peasants’ pursuit of profit maximization and their political identification.We should protect peasants’ land rights to improve their political identification by first regulating local governments’ land acquisition act,strengthening peasants’ organizational degree and bargaining position,and regulating the land market order.