Based on the population ageing data from 2003 to 2014,this paper first uses theilindex analysis method and selects coefficient of population aging,old and young rate indicators to decompose the differences in the eastern,western and central areas,then combines provincial panel data model and FGLS estimation method to empirically test the influencing factors of population ageing in the eastern,western and central areas. The result shows that population aging in China is seriously different in different regions. Population ageing in the eastern,western and central areas shows the characteristics of uneven development,regional differences change repeatedly and are not stable. With the development of economy,increase of per capita GDP and urbanization rate,decline of birth rate and death rate,the regional differences of population ageing will become more and more serious. Birth rate and per capita GDP have the greatest impact on aging of population,urbanization rate has a greater impact on aging of population in central and western areas,while the impact of death rate on aging of population has many possibilities,which has a greater impact for the whole country. Illiteracy rate has a greater impact on aging of population in the western area.