Abstract:After decades of development, China’s social security system has gradually formed a variety of polices and schemes, which are playing an essential anti-poverty role in narrowing the income gap,protecting human capital,reducing social risks and ensuring the basic needs.In the current rural poverty alleviation phase,more and more poverty is contributed to social physiological factors,hence the “social-protection of poverty relief” that contain social security and social rights relief are required to take action.Correspondingly,social security is not only viewed as an important goal of anti-poverty,but also viewed as the main path,which has consistently been imbedded in China’s rural poverty reduction and development process.In order to resolve the problems caused by omitting or superposition of institution,it is necessary to strengthen the coordination between poverty alleviation and social security system,especially the rural minimum living security system; meanwhile,the multi-disciplinary,multi-subject anti-poverty collaborative governance framework should also be built.On the one hand,some accomplishments have been made in reducing the rural poverty through the social security system.On the other hand,we should also focus on dealing with the problems in the social security system.In the future,China should learn from development experience of the EU social security on poverty reduction and development,strengthen the services supplement,make the institution more active and promote grassroots social security coordination through the way of “one-stop service” approach.