Abstract:The agricultural supplyside reform is a major change in the agricultural productivity and production relations,which is not only a structural reform,but also a functional reform and organizational reform.Starting from the macroeconomic analysis framework,this paper expounds the relationship between “demand side” and “supply side” of agriculture.By replacing the neoclassical HaroDebraux reference frame with the Coase reference frame,this paper puts forward the supply system theory of modern agricultural production.Moreover,it re understands modern agriculture,and tentatively puts forward the “three dimensional system” theory of modern agriculture,and it finally theoretically clarifies the theoretical logic of supplyside structural reform.The result shows that the agricultural production supply system is an organic synthesis of “production factor + technology + organization form + system arrangement”.Therefore,this paper proposes that the core of agricultural supplyside reform is thinking innovation,and the two keys are technological innovation and institutional innovation.