Based on the perspective of farmers’ rationality an research data of “two villages and one community” in X Town of Jingmen City,this paper studies farmers’ policy cognition of the ecological civilization construction,agricultural cleaner production and farmers’ green lifestyle,analyzes such characteristics as political rationality,economic rationality,social rationality and ecological rationality which reflected by farmers’ participation in the rural ecological civilization construction and explores the influential effect of the rural ecological civilization construction.The result shows that farmers’ cognitive level of the ecological civilization construction policy is generally higher currently,agricultural cleaner production is not noticeable,farmers’ green lifestyle needs to be advanced,the achievements of rural ecological civilization construction are not obvious.Farmers’ cognition of the ecological civilization construction policy and agricultural cleaner production have positive correlations with farmers’ green lifestyle respectively,farmers’ cognition of the ecological civilization construction policy,agricultural cleaner production and farmers’ green lifestyle each have positive correlations with achievements of rural ecological civilization construction.Therefore,this paper proposes several feasible selections: deepening farmers’ cognitive level of the ecological civilization construction policy so as to form consciousness of ecological awareness and behavior,changing the mode of agricultural production to promote the process of agricultural cleaner production,developing green culture in rural areas to cultivate farmers’ green life style,innovating the system of government management to construct a good pattern of ecological civilization construction.