China should carry out a broader,higher-standard and deeper agricultural cooperation with countries along the “One Belt and One Road” (OBOR) in a mutual-beneficial way.To reinforce the economic and trade relationship with the main grain exporting countries along the OBOR is of great importance for China to better enrich the amount of arable land resource and safeguard the implementation of national food security strategy.Taking rice,wheat,maize and soybean as example,this paper analyzes the variation trend of grain trade between China and countries along the OBOR (1995-2016),and estimates the virtual arable land resource flows.The results indicate that:(1) The amount of grain trade between China and countries along the OBOR fluctuates continuously,and China has always been a net-importer,and the net-imports have kept growing since 2008 and even quicker since 2013 when the OBOR Initiative was put forward; (2)Since the OBOR Initiative was put forward,China mainly exports rice to countries along the OBOR,and from which mainly imports rice and maize; (3) China’s accumulated net-imports of virtual arable land resource by grain trade with countries along the OBOR is 0.836 0 million hm2 (2008-2012) and 4.035 3 million hm2 (2013-2016),and the accumulated net-imports of virtual arable land resource by rice trade is 0.738 4 million hm2 and 2.397 4 million hm2 respectively.