The promotion of the transformation of farmers’ awareness of green production into green production practices will help alleviate rural ecological problems.Based on a questionnaire survey in Hubei Province and Guizhou Province,the theory of planned behavior was used to analyze the influencing factors of the differences between farmers’ green production consciousness and production behavior.The study found：(1) In general，farmers’ awareness of green production is higher than the level of production behavior,which means that there is a difference between consciousness and behavior; (2)Whether the product has safety quality level certification,whether to join farmers’ professional cooperatives or planting varieties has a significant impact on the possibility of difference.Finally,this paper proposed three ways to motivate the transformation from green production consciousness to green production behavior:(1) The government should provide more guidance and propaganda to strengthen farmers’ green production behavior; (2) The government should speed up the establishment of a standardized system of green agricultural production so as to achieve the “regulated compliance” of farmers in the process of green production; (3) The organization function construction of farmers’ professional cooperatives should be strengthened to promote the degree of organization of agricultural green production.