Abstract:Based on the measurement of the rationalization and high level of provincial industrial structure in China,this paper establishes a spatial econometric model and sets up three spatial correlation models of neighboring weight,geographic weight and economic weight,and then empirically tests the direct effect and spillover effect of industrial structure optimization and upgrading on rural poverty from the spatial dimension.The study finds that the rural poverty rate in China has a significant spatial correlation and spatial heterogeneity,and it shows the characteristics of high-high and low-low agglomeration in spatial distribution.The rationalization of the industrial structure can help to alleviate poverty in local areas as well as in neighboring areas through spatial spillover effects.The heightened industrial structure also contributes to rural poverty alleviation in local areas and adjacent areas.Therefore,it is necessary to speed up the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure so as to achieve industrial integration development and regional coordinated development and accelerate poverty alleviation.